Following yesterday’s Day Dream — which began life as an instrumental from a Johnny Hodges–led unit inside the Duke Ellington orchestra — let’s spin a couple more dreams from the small groups.
These sides were recorded in 1939 while Duke was still under contract to Columbia, but they didn’t hit the shelves until 1940, after he moved to Victor. That little overlap period produced some of the most relaxed, beautifully lit small‑group moments in the whole Ellington universe.
Just Another Dream — Barney Bigard (Okeh, June 1939)
This one is exactly what the title promises: Just Another Dream, carried almost entirely on Barney Bigard’s clarinet. It’s practically a solo feature from start to finish — a soft, wandering little reverie with Barney’s tone floating like a lantern in a quiet room.
Dream Blues — Johnny Hodges & (Vocalion, September 1939)
Then Johnny steps back in for Dream Blues, and his alto does what it always does: it brings the dream, and it brings the blues. Hodges could make even a simple phrase feel like a velvet curtain being pulled open.
These small‑group sides always feel like a gift — a chance for the individual sidemen to stretch out, breathe, and let their personalities shine without the full orchestra swirling around them.
Musician Roll Call
Both tracks use nearly identical instrumentation, with the spotlight shifting depending on who’s leading the date:
Barney Bigard group (June):
Rex Stewart (cornet) and Juan Tizol (valve trombone) support Barney’s clarinet.
Johnny Hodges group (September):
Cootie Williams (trumpet) and Lawrence Brown (trombone) join Johnny’s alto.
As we linger in 1940 with Duke Ellington, we come across
an early classic from his assistant Billy Strayhorn — Day Dream.
Johnny on Bluebird (1940)
Billy wrote Day Dream as a showcase for the
lush alto of Johnny Hodges, who recorded it as leader of a smaller Ellington
unit in November 1940.
Let’s spin that Bluebird disc:
A couple of things about the label credits: Duke receives co‑writing
credit even though Billy was the sole composer, and the label helpfully reminds
us that this is indeed an Ellington unit!
Duke didn’t record a studio version at the time — Johnny had
already said everything that needed saying — but he kept the tune in the band
book for radio broadcasts and personal appearances.
Lyrics Arrive (1941)
Day Dream acquired lyrics fairly quickly. John
Latouche added them, and the title was slightly adjusted to Day-Dream.
The only contemporary version I can find is this 1941 Decca
side by Jimmy Dorsey with Bob Eberly:
It works quite well as a pop tune, so I’m surprised no other
band picked up on it. I wonder if JD was intrigued by Johnny Hodges’ solo and
wanted to try the tune himself — he does well by it!
LP Era Awakening (1956)
As we’ve seen with other slow-burning standards, Day Dream
didn’t get much traction otherwise until the mid‑1950s, when the LP era really
began to bloom.
Duke finally cut a proper studio version in 1956 for his
Bethlehem album Duke Ellington Presents…:
It doesn’t take long to know that Johnny Hodges is on this
track.
June Floats In (1956)
The next vocal version also arrived in 1956, as June Christy
featured the song on her Capitol album The Misty Miss Christy:
Quite lovely — verse and all.
I think that Warehouse law dictates that I always refer to June Christy's as the Misty Miss Christy, so this time the actual album title did me a solid!
Coop’s Misty Instrumental (1958)
Interestingly, June’s husband, tenor saxist Bob Cooper,
recorded an instrumental version in 1958 for his Contemporary album Coop:
Also actually pretty misty.
Ella Checks In (1957)
We back up to 1957 to check in with our good friend Ella
Fitzgerald, who recorded a lovely version for her Duke Ellington Songbook
on Verve — this time with the Ellington band, including Billy Strayhorn on
piano:
And of course, Johnny Hodges is featured.
Jo Joins the Dream (1960)
Moving to 1960, the wonderful vocalist Jo Stafford recorded Day
Dream for her Columbia album Jo + Jazz:
And yes, Johnny Hodges is featured in this cut as well!
Johnny and Billy Return to the Source (1962)
Then in 1962, Johnny recorded another instrumental take with
Billy Strayhorn for their Verve album:
Another lovely version.
Billy's Solo Dream (1963)
Then Billy recorded a solo piano version for his 1963 United Artists The Peaceful Side:
Quite peaceful, with nice vocalese backing from the Paris Blue Notes.
Joya’s Twist (1965)
Things take an interesting turn when former Ellington
vocalist Joya Sherrill recorded the song for her 1965 20th Century Fox album Sings
Duke. Give a listen and I’ll explain:
You may notice that there’s no sax on that track at all. The
main accompanist is Ellington stalwart Ray Nance on violin. The funny thing —
Johnny Hodges plays on some of the other songs from the album!
Also, the label and liner notes from the original LP show
the song as Day Dreams and credit only Duke as composer, even though the
actual composer, Billy Strayhorn, plays piano on the track!
Note: By this point, the song title had been listed as
Day Dream, Day‑Dream, and Daydream, so why not add an S!
Ray Returns (1966)
Ray Nance and his violin were back in the studio in 1966
with Duke for this lovely, unissued‑at‑the‑time recording:
Ray was first and foremost a trumpet player, but his violin
graced many tracks over the years.
Full Circle (1968)
We come full circle as Duke and the full orchestra — with
Johnny Hodges — record a gorgeous take for the 1968 RCA Victor album of Strayhorn compositions …And
His Mother Called Him Bill:
I can’t hear Johnny’s alto gliding through Day Dream
enough. Billy Strayhorn was onto something back in 1940 — and every version
since just proves the point!
When listening to versions of Fine and Mellow on Wednesday, we also heard Nellie Lutcher putting her stamp on the tune. That sent me back to one of her signature numbers that sneaks “fine” right into the title —Fine Brown Frame. So…
Here’s Nellie Lutcher and Her Rhythm with her big 1948 hit on Capitol:
That’s just pure, flirty fun. I remember first hearing it on a CD compilation around 2000 and immediately thinking, “Wait — what’s this? How did I not know about this?”
And because I’m a sucker for pop‑culture name‑drops, I love how she casually tosses in Robert Taylor, Robert Young, (Don)Ameche, and (Clark) Gable. Only Nellie could make a roll call of Hollywood leading men feel like part of the rhythm section!
As usual, she makes every song sound like it was written specifically for her. So I was surprised to learn sometime later that there was an earlier version of Fine Brown Frame — by Buddy Johnson and His Orchestra on Decca, recorded four years earlier:
It’s pleasant enough, but it doesn’t quite have that special spark Nellie brings. Still, it’s always fun to go digging and hear how a tune evolves before the right artist comes along and makes it shine.
While listening to various versions of Fine and Dandy yesterday, I mentioned that Avery Parrish’s piano on the Erskine Hawkins side reminded me of After Hours. So let’s tug that thread and see where it leads.
🎹 Avery Sets the Mood
Here’s the 1940 Bluebird recording of After Hours by Erskine Hawkins and his Orchestra:
It’s easy to understand why that record was a sensation in 1940 — Avery Parrish’s piano pulls you straight into that after‑hours glow and never lets you out.
A little label intrigue: the initial releases listed Erskine Hawkins as the sole composer, but later reissues correctly credit Avery Parrish. I’ve never gotten the sense Hawkins tried to claim the tune; it feels more like a paperwork shuffle than a dispute.
🔥 Floorshow Steps In — 1949
Things get even more interesting with this 1949 side by tenor man Frank “Floorshow” Culley, titled After Hour Session on Atlantic:
To my ears, that’s at most a “re‑imagining” of After Hours, even though Culley and pianist Van Walls are listed as the composers. Whatever the case, After Hour Session is a tasty little groove — and it was a solid R&B hit at the time.
🌙 Benny’s Midnight Trio — 1953
The original title returns — with proper composer credit to Avery Parrish — on this elegant 1952 take by the Benny Goodman Trio on Capitol:
Benny is joined by his frequent small‑group partner Teddy Wilson on piano and the great Jimmy Crawford on drums. BG always surrounded himself with the best!
🍸Mancini at the Blue Hour — 1960
Let’s mix it up with one more version: Henry Mancini’s 1960 reading from The Blues and the Beat:
That’s pure Mancini — smooth, modern, and quietly luxurious. I dig that early‑’60s studio sheen.
Any of these sessions would make fine company for an after‑hours listen. And honestly, the fun is hearing how one little blues thread gets rewoven across twenty years of American music.
For today’s Word Association Wednesday, we take the “mellow” from In a Mellow Tone and let it drift us over to Billie Holiday’s Fine and Mellow — a song that wears its title perfectly.
Billie Sets the Mood (1939)
Billie first recorded it in 1939 for the Commodore label:
Billie wrote the tune herself, and it appeared as the flipside of her searing, history‑making recording of Strange Fruit. Even with that kind of company, Fine and Mellow holds its own — a blues that feels lived‑in, unhurried, and unmistakably Billie.
Erskine Hawkins & Dolores Brown (1939)
A couple of bands picked it up after Billie’s version hit. Here’s Erskine Hawkins with vocalist Dolores Brown on Bluebird from late 1939:
I like this one a lot. Dolores Brown isn’t Billie — nobody is — but she brings a nice, steady presence. The real star for me, though, is pianist Avery Parrish. His playing here already hints at the mood and touch of his big hit After Hours, which he’d record just a few months later.
Andy Kirk & June Richmond (1940)
Andy Kirk took a swing at the tune in 1940 with June Richmond:
June’s vocal is terrific. She’s not trying to imitate Billie; she’s got her own thing going, and it works beautifully. And Mary Lou Williams on piano? Always a treat — she lifts every record she touches.
Nellie Lutcher and Her Rhythm (1947)
The pianists keep rolling as we jump ahead to 1947 for one more version. This time it’s Nellie Lutcher, playing and singing for Capitol:
Nellie always makes a song sound like it was written for her. She reshapes the tune just enough to make it feel like a Nellie Lutcher original.
Billie in Full Bloom — The Sound of Jazz (1957)
Before we wrap up, let’s watch Billie herself performing Fine and Mellow on the 1957 television special The Sound of Jazz, surrounded by a stellar group of musicians:
Billie really seems to savor those instrumental solos between her vocal choruses — listening, reacting, almost conducting with her eyes.
Following yesterday’s Duke Ellington classic In a Mellotone, we stay right in 1940 for a Victor 78 that carries two of Duke’s most vivid little city‑scenes. Both sides deserve their moment in the spotlight.
Side A: Sepia Panorama
Billy Strayhorn shaped the evocative arrangement with Duke, and the band paints in alternating strokes: Juan Tizol’s velvet valve‑trombone, Harry Carney’s deep‑toned baritone, Cootie Williams’ growl trumpet and Ben Webster’s unmistakable warm tenor. Underneath it all, Jimmie Blanton threads those typically brilliant bass passages—little bursts of invention that seem to tilt the whole piece forward.
Side B: Harlem Air‑Shaft
Barney Bigard slips in a couple of gracefully gliding clarinet spots, and Tricky Sam Nanton brings his signature plunger trombone murmur. Cootie switches to open trumpet here—no mute, just that bright, ringing tone for his main solo, but he sneaks a little muted trumpet bit in between Barney's solos.
Duke once explained the title: an air shaft in a Harlem apartment building was like a neighborhood radio—carrying the sounds of people cooking, arguing, singing, laughing. Everyday life drifting upward in fragments.
Two Vignettes of 1940 Harlem
Taken together, Sepia Panorama and Harlem Air‑Shaft feel like companion pieces—two quick, vivid sketches of Harlem life in 1940. Duke’s orchestra wasn’t just playing dance music; they were capturing the atmosphere of a place, a moment, a community — all filtered through one of the most inventive orchestras ever assembled. They matter because they’re not just performances; they’re portraits.
We’re still parked in 1940 with Duke Ellington, and we’ve hit another classic:In a Mellotone.
Let’s spin the original Victor recording:
Johnny Hodges and Cootie Williams are in peak form — Cootie even slips in a sly quote from Never No Lament at the tail end of his solo — but it’s Jimmie Blanton’s bass that steals the spotlight. His lines practically glow.
From Mellotone to Mellow Tone
Duke kept the tune in the band’s book throughout the 1940s, but the song found a second life in the 1950s when producer Milt Gabler added lyrics and nudged the title toward the now-familiar In a Mellow Tone.
Milt had The Mills Brothers record it for Decca in 1955 with Sy Oliver arranging:
It’s a delight — how can you beat the Mills/Oliver combination?
Funny that it took fifteen years for someone to add lyrics — the melody practically chants “in a mellow tone” on its own.
Ella Steps In
Once lyrics existed, Ella Fitzgerald naturally grabbed the tune for her 1957 Duke Ellington Songbook album — one of my favorite playgrounds:
Ella stretches out beautifully here, weaving between the written lyrics and her trademark scat. And yes, Ben Webster is still along for the ride, adding that warm velvet to the edges.
Duke Revisits the Instrumental
Duke circled back to the tune in 1960 for his Columbia album Blues in Orbit, keeping it strictly instrumental:
By this point, the “Mellow Tone” title had fully overtaken the original “Mellotone” spelling — the mellow won.
Louis Joins the Party
Duke recorded another instrumental version in 1961 with Louis Armstrong on Recording Together for the First Time — another favorite playground:
It’s interesting that Louis doesn’t sing the lyrics — even though they existed by then — yet he scats on Cotton Tail, which didn’t have lyrics. Satchmo gonna Satchmo.
And just to keep us on our toes, the label lists the tune as In a Mellowtone!
Here's a link to Duke and Louis performing the song in 1961 on The Ed Sullivan Show:
It's great that so many Sullivan shows were preserved so we can enjoy seeing these wonderful artists!
Here’s a 1953 live recording of Betty singing the Baby, You and Me variant:
The announcer mentions the lyrics and title change at the beginning and says it's "soon to be released" at the end — but I can't figure out what release he's referring to!
As far as I can tell, Duke never cut a studio version of that variation, but Betty did — for Bethlehem in 1956:
And here’s the fun part: Bethlehem kept the title In a Mellow Tone and even credited Milt Gabler, despite the lyrics being completely different. I’m guessing Milt didn’t write both sets… but you know we love a little label intrigue!
Billy Brings the Moves
We close out with a wonderfully wacky take on the tune, as Billy May turns it into a cha‑cha for his 1960 Capitol album Cha Cha!:
Billy was well‑known for his sense of humor, and it absolutely shows here — the arrangement is playful, brassy, and just a little mischievous. And what a good sport he was to pose for the album cover in that get‑up. The man committed to the bit!
Whatever the Title…
Whether it’s Mellotone, Mellow Tone, Mellowtone or even Baby, You and Me, one thing stays constant — the tone is mellow!
